Biochemical Indicators of Energy Balance in Blood and Other Secretions of Dairy Cattle: A Review

Negative energy balance condition during transition period is a gateway for production and infectious diseases periparturient period. Energy calculated directly through difference in input output or indirect methods like estimation of metabolites (NEFA, BHBA glucose level), Body scoring (BCS), back fat thickness, body weight milk components (e.g., protein ratio), etc., at herd level. All the indicators were studied relation to postpartum health performances dairy animals. Blood biochemical parameters are routinely used evaluation general status But, their relationship with early lactating cows not clear. In this review, effects balance, critical assess blood yield animals discussed. We also discussed other biological fluids cattle.